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Václav Havel: The Power of the Powerless
To the memory of Jan Patocka
“Why was Solzhenitsyn driven out of his own country?
Certainly not because he represented a unit of real power, that is, not because
any of the regime's representatives felt he might unseat them and take their
place in government. Solzhenitsyn's expulsion was something else: a desperate
attempt to plug up the dreadful wellspring of truth, a truth which might cause
incalculable transformations in social consciousness, which in turn might one
day produce political debacles unpredictable in their consequences. And so the
post totalitarian system behaved in a characteristic way: it defended the
integrity of the world of appearances in order to defend itself. For the crust presented by the life of lies is
made of strange stuff. As long as it seals off hermetically the entire society,
it appears to be made of stone.
But the moment someone breaks through in one place,
when one person cries out, "The emperor is naked!"- When a single
person breaks the rules of the game, thus exposing it as a game-everything
suddenly appears in another light and the whole crust seems then to be made of
a tissue on the point of tearing and disintegrating uncontrollably.
When I speak of living within the truth, I naturally
do not have in mind only products of conceptual thought, such as a protest or a
letter written by a group of intellectuals. It can be any means by which a
person or a group revolts against manipulation: anything from a letter by
intellectuals to a workers' strike, from a rock concert to a student
demonstration, from refusing to vote in the farcical elections to making an
open speech at some official congress, or even a hunger strike, for instance.
If the suppression of the aims of life is a complex process, and if it is based
on the multifaceted manipulation of all expressions of life, then, by the same
token, every free expression of life indirectly threatens the post totalitarian
system politically, including forms of expression to which, in other social
systems, no one would attribute any potential political significance, not to
mention explosive power.”
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